Don't hear steam engines discussed much these days. I wonder why (with head below the parapet)?
'Steam engines', usually in the form of steam turbines produce a significant portion of the electricity and heat we use. But they are generally limited to stationary installation and larger ships. To provide a high efficiency they use superheated steam under very high pressures, and the steam is condensed before returning to the boiler, nuclear reactor or whatever is used to provide heat. Using a steam temperature of 600 degC, typical of a boiler, gives an efficiency of around 45%, using a steam temperature of 280 degC, typical of a nuclear reactor, gives an efficiency of around 35%. Combined heat and power efficiencies can exceed 90%.
One of the main points of the discussion was that, in today's times, there has been little "radical technological change" as there was in the early/mid 20th century. The panelists were discussing ways to try and facilitate these changes so we can make the leap to "the next generation" or tech that will presumably also be "green" (low environmental impact).
I think they should have had a few more panelists, especially more guys with practical knowledge and perhaps even someone who didn't toe the line that the others were. One guy (a PhD professor type who also has a side gig blogging for The Atlantic) wasn't sure if Wankel engines are used in production cars or not(!!). Clearly an ivory-tower type with little practical knowledge.
As I mentioned in an earlier post, a recent Diane Rehm show on the BP oil spill was quite ridiculous.
I'm not sure if the programming is starting to suffer from groupthink, or if my perspective is changing. Or both.
As a technology matures the rate of development decrease. Most technologies we talk about here are very mature and there are well known methods to increase the performance of them. So today there are less radical technoligical changes, it's more about continuous improvements. Often the big issue is not the limits of the technology itself but what is cost effective to do, and if a technology isn't cost effective, there won't be an interrest for it.
Cost effectiveness is the main reason why we today waste so much energy. It's simply cheaper to waste energy than invest in more energy efficient technology, even when such technology exist and is well known. For instance, we waste huge amounts of energy heating and cooling our building even though better insulation which could significantly reduce the energy used for this purpose exist. When a building is cooled a heat pump is usually used, this heat pump consume about 1 kWh of electricity to produce a cooling effect of 2 kWh, the 3 kWh heat produced is just wasted outside the building. If we used a combined central heating/cooling system we could use all of the energy produced by the heat pump instead, we could use waste heat from powerplants and industries, natural cooling by seawater and so on. Centrally placed plants in an urban area could also use biofuels to produce combinations of synthetic biofuels, heat (and from heat also cooling) and electricity.
Similar we could produce much more energy efficient cars using known technologies. But in the end it is about cost effectiveness. If it cost less to use 2 kWh of energy to meet a need than it does to use 1 kWh it is the latter that will lose. The same applies to fossil fuels, if a kWh coal is cheaper than a kWh biomass the latter will lose.
We can make fossil fuels less competetive by adding a tax on them, similar, an energy tax can make it less economical to waste energy. There problem here is that poor people spend a larger portion of their income on energy (aswell as food). So energy can't just be clean, it needs to be cheap too.
Can't we get all that from any oil company commercial?
Personally, I don't see the point of prefacing every discussion with that boilerplate. It presumes that disasters such as these are necessary to maintain our standard of living. To me, that is baloney. This catastrophe occurred only because BP failed to anticipate this mode of well failure, compounding the error by failing to recognize the consequences of such a failure. In the process of responsible risk management to which you allude, the company gets an F minus minus. Beyond fail. Clearly, there never was any objective risk analysis. For this the company has earned the death penalty and is going to receive it.
We see this over and over in catastrophic failures in large systems. The consequences of the failure are too large or horrible to contemplate, so we simply stop looking in that direction in the hope that it never happens.
The well is equipped with a Blow Out Preventer or BOP just because accidents like this are known to happen. What nobody yet seems to have an answer to is why the BOP failed to activate. This is particulary serious since the BOP is the 'last line of defence'.
In any case, there is rarely one guilty part in a big accident. An accident are rarely a single event, but a chain of events that leads to the accident. And if this chain of events are stopped at any place the accident can be prevented. This accident no different and I think the blame have to be shared between BP, Transocean (the rig operator), suppliers of safety equipment that didn't work as it should have and the government body that have authorized the drilling, Mineral Management Service in this case. BP have the primary economical responsebility to pay the costs caused by the accident, but that is a different issue.
In all sorts of activity, including energy production there are also risks involved. The question is if those risks are motivated by the possible benefits. If it is, then the goal is to minimize the risks as much as technically and economically possible.