The theoretical rev band is 4,500rpm, and they will use all of it regardless of what armchair pundits have been postulating.
A car that idles at 5-6k that can go up to 18,000+k is going to sound more aggressive than one that idles at about the same and will only go up to 12,000k. Going to a higher note is always going to sound more thrilling than having to stop at a lower note (the "Freebird" rule).
Furthermore, you don't seem to understand how harmonics work. Each octave requires double frequency, thus, you notice a much bigger pitch swing between 1,000rpm and 2,000rpm than 17,000rpm and 18,000rpm.
It's not that simple. Rpm is not equivalent to the fundamental frequency at the exhaust - 10,000 rpm with a V6 is going to be lower than a V8.
The cars today hit the note D5 on the limit. 2005 V10 it was F-F#5. The Renault is making it to C5. The problem is that one presumes the 2014 spec engine is not likely to idle any lower than the V10/8s (about F4); if anything, maybe higher.
The "music" of it is this: the 2005 car, when revved, jumped about an octave. The V8's a major 6th; musically, that is a big difference. The Renault, perhaps a perfect 5th. Musically, those differences are substantial. If intervallic differences didn't matter, humans wouldn't listen to music, it doesn't matter that it's less than an octave.
The sound of the cars is down to the firing order and exhaust setup.
Kinda sorta. The number of pistons matters, stroke, cycles, intake, valve train, and displacement. The weight matters as well, because that governs how fast and the manner in which it ramps up, and the available torque.
Personally, I'm really happy the decibel levels will be reduced b/c it lessens the likelihood of regulatory intervention, and perhaps the fans will get to listen to the race without hearing protection.
I think the whole notion of doing something because of worry about a regulatory intervention is intellectually idiotic, and the notion of having to make a regulation to save dumb people from themselves is likewise idiotic. But that's another discussion....