Basically it is FIA's job to make the drivers know that running wide in turn1 is not an option as it results in a penalty. So if Alonso considered running wide as an option to get an advantage, it shows that the handling of that matter has been really bad in the past as bad precedent were set. -> FIA'S failure
As somebody mentioned above, the track design doesn't help either, but the FIA has made a mess of it down the years. It's almost inevitable that, when it gets busy at the start, with the best will in the world that run-off area is going to be used if it's there, even if it's a guaranteed penalty, because drivers would rather use it than have contact in turn 2, and some drivers will occasionally be left with that stark choice. And I guess it can be difficult, once people have used the run-off and come back on, to work out what the running order ought to be, because as they enter that corner on lap 1, there is no settled running order, because everyone's still travelling at different speeds on different lines, trying to find the best position to slot in and pick up the normal racing line. So it's not always obvious.
It's just that, in determining where the cars that have left the circuit should slot in, the officials seem to be willing to give the benefit of the doubt to the car that went off, and if you want to keep cars on the circuit as much as possible you would surely want to give the benefit of the doubt to the cars that stayed on the track. So in this case, if it's hard to tell whether Alonso or Ricciardo was ahead immediately prior to turn 1, you should say "well, Alonso went off, so he has to cede the position". It doesn't matter if it was premeditated or an accidental lock-up, unless he was actually forced off by the car he ended up passing (which he clearly wasn't) if he wanted to pass Ricciardo on the outside on the approach to turn 1 and finish the move in the braking zone, that is always subject to him then making the corner, and if he doesn't make the corner he should give the place back or get a penalty.