Originally posted by Sleep
The start of your post is not true! "Ferrari transfer 5% of their annual turnover to the racing team..."! Are you insane? If Ferrari wouldn't have increased the production of their road cars by almost 25% since the mid 90s they would be where Williams is today, mid grid.
It's fuuny how you almost quote me later in your post by writing Ferrari's current budget is close to $450 million. Yes, almost half comes from Philip Morris but Ferrari actually pay for the rest of their sponsors. Without the road cars they would be in trouble right now. They would be almost dead during Enzo's reign. These days they are saved by the increase in the production. Luca knows they can't increase it anymore...
I suggest you do some research as everything I have said can be found in numerous publications on Ferrari.
Ferrari originally built road cars to finance his racing cars. This is not a durable business plan and he ended up selling his ailing company. And when I say ailing I mean dead in the water. Fiat, a publicly held company, introduced the 5% rule to prevent all the money going to the race department with the R&D department for the road cars being starved of funds. Fiat itself paid part of the racing budget as a sponsor although much of that was in kind by providing the services of its engineers and facilities.
Ferrari has a turnover of just 1.7 billion euros and a development budget of 250 million euros. This is peanuts compared to development budgets of major manufacturers. And since Ferrari is faced with heavy competition (Lamborghini, Bentley, Audi, Porsche, BMW, Mercedes etc.), it cannot afford to coast on just its name as it did in the late 80's/early 90s. Its cars need to be high-tech, hence the development.
Ferrari no longer builds road cars to go racing, it goes racing to sell road cars. It has share holders to answer to, not a Enzo the Dictator clone with racing on the mind.
FYI, I am not quoting you when I mention the budget estimation of $400-$450m but rather the guestimates of most F1 commentators. And I have no idea what you're on about when you say that Ferrari pays for the rest of their sponsors. Sponsors "pay" for the privilege of sponsoring the car, either in kind or with money. Ferrari does not pay sponsors to be allowed to place their name on their own car. Perhaps you should first study what a sponsor is

.
And Ferrari is a special case since it has sold the entire 'car' to Marlboro. Look it up if you don't believe me.
All this means that Ferrari cannot generate sufficient money to go racing at the forefront of F1. It needs powerful sponsors but that is not enough in today's super expensive F1. It also needs Fiat to provide is muscle, both financially and technologically.