Off the top of my head, the last team started from scratch that went on to win a race was Stewart GP. They started in 1997, won in 1999 before Ford took over and eventually becoming Red Bull.
You can almost go further and look for the last team to start from scratch in toto. Between then and 2010, you have...well, Toyota, who spent billions and are now gone, and Super Aguri, who were basically re-heated Arrows.
The previous 13 years saw Minardi, Stewart and Jordan, all of whom are alive and well, Sauber, who are alive, as well as lots of others who had a tilt.
The system has been stitched up so it is literally impossible to come in afresh. Very good for Ron Dennis' pension and Ferrari's brand, not so much for bright engineers and potless drivers.