underfloor aerodynamics
#1
Posted 13 January 2007 - 16:39
What I'm trying to do is decrease lift, particularly at the light front end.
Are the following ideas of any value?
1 - Fit two rubber 'skirts' that run the length of the underside, stopping any air sneaking in from the sides.
2- Fit a duct and a high powered fan at the front underside of the car, to 'suck' air going under the front lip (similar in theory to the Brabham 'fan car') . Would I need a fan of epic proportions to make any impact on the pressure under the front of the car, or would anything 'smaller' merely cause a load of turbulence and spoil the airflow?
3 - The air removed from the underside could then be ducted to the rear of the car, through a home made heat exchanger to absorb some of the heat in my poorly ventilated engine bay, before exiting via a couple of ducts , fitted just above the diffuser. Would this help reduce drag by reducing the turbulence at the rear of the car? Is this the theory of base bleed aerodynamics?
4 - Testing. Any simple ways of measuring the effectiveness of modifications? My idea is to fit a length of adhesive paper along the underside of the car, before driving at high speed over a line of sand/dust, placed in the middle of the road. The more picked up, the better the 'suction', and could possibly indicate front to rear balance, or might it just indicate turbulence? A different way that works and doesn't also involve endangering the lives of our two wheeled friends would be appreciated!
As I said before I'm not expecting a load of downforce, just to reduce high speed lift and have a little fun experimenting. Any hints would be helpful.
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#2
Posted 13 January 2007 - 21:03
4 sucks, literally.
Why not put string pots or rotary pots on the suspension and measure how much it sucks down at speed.
#3
Posted 14 January 2007 - 08:54
2. Need to move lots of air which is already at a lowish (you hope) pressure. Try it but it might not work without the right sort of fan...read about brabhams and chaparal's work.
3. Tried it with a car I have and it did not work well. You create a low pressure under the car...keep it as low as possible, using it to take air from your engine bay is just defeating some of your other work. Frank Costin said "suck is better than blow" which apart from making my toes curl when I read it at 16 has always stuck with me. Use the low pressure you create to draw the air. You want to keep the low under the car as clean and undisturbed as possible (hence the fences at the sides). So what else do you have? The air at the very rear of the car. A small vertical spoiler at the end of the rear deck will add downforce (higher pressure over the rear deck) and also increase the low pressure at the very rear of the car...use this and duct from the sides before the rear wheels.
4. how much time do you have and how much testing do you want to do?
#4
Posted 14 January 2007 - 10:28
Thanks Greg, I needed that injection of common sense.
#5
Posted 14 January 2007 - 11:07
I think I'll try some draft excluder brush to start with and I shall also do some investigation into the type of fans used by others.
If I find a fan that can be used, would it be better to simply allow the removed air to escape directly upwards and through some ducts on the front of the bodywork?
Also, should I be fitting a front lip between the ground and the front bodywork? I'm guessing this would have to be even more rigid than the fences, and would only be suitable for very flat tracks otherwise it would break easily.
As for testing, I don't have a great deal of spare time or money, so Gregs suggestion of using string pots sounds cheap and simple enough for me and should provide more than enough data. I hope to make a rear spoiler soon, and maybe by using string pots I can measure the reduction in lift and adjust the front/rear balance to counter effect my 40/60 weight imbalance. Am I missing any other factors that would need to be measured/adjusted?
#6
Posted 14 January 2007 - 21:25
The issue (I have been told by some who work in this area) is that ground effects (managed airflow from the front diffuser to the rear diffuser) can be tricky to balance and can be unreliable. Its effect with air speed and not ground speed, so running on a windy day (say 25mph wind) will give you a different balance running into the wind vs running with the wind, which might not be an issue with a heavy car may be an issue with your light little track car with a full body. You can get much of the same effect with the 'vacuum' car approach, which is what you are asking by sealing off the front of the car as much as possible, However at this point I will bow out of offering advice and I suggest that you read Katz's book on racecar aerodynamics, it is a good overall reference and will be applicable to what you are trying to do...it might save you a lot of work and refine where you go with the testing.
#7
Posted 15 January 2007 - 18:11
#8
Posted 16 January 2007 - 17:40
And as all the weight of your cars already in the rear you havent got a lot of saving grace if it does go!
Most ground effect cars run rear diffusers that work by spreading the amount of air out over a wider area to reduce the pressure and suck the mid/ rear of the car to the ground (youd have to be running a very effective system to get it happening under the front wheels that could be way ott at high speeds).
IMHO your best bet is to get everything to the front of the car that you can i.e rad, battery etc and try and lighten the rear as much as possible to get the weight issues sorted first.
Then id opt for a front spoiler to lock out as much air as possible with angled sides to take the air around the side of the car and over the canard winds on the arches that your going to fit next.
You also need to look at were any areas of high pressure are collecting under the front of the car. sloped vents like an lotus elise has on the bonnet guides air from the vents up and out rather than stagnating.
Id also stay away from adding any more rear down force at the moment as the harder the rears pushed down the more the front will rise.
It could even be worth trying to rise the rear ride height to shift some of the weight.
Out of interest what model is this exactly? Not the kelforms retoga by any chance?
Ive got a few videos of the old group b racers and dtm cars losing ground effects downforce on straights and when you see them flip 20ft in the air it may make you think twice. It only takes a small pothole or a gust of wind to mess it all up!
#9
Posted 16 January 2007 - 22:50
I think first off, I will see if I can accurately measure the suspension deflection, and get some idea of how much lift there is to start with. Then I'll come up with some non-skirt mods for road and bumpy tracks, revolving around front spoiler and efficiently removing air from the front bodywork using the side ducts and bodywork above radiator. Canards look like a good idea and are going on my list too.
If I'm still feeling confident then I'll try some skirt mods for the 'flatter' tracks with more run off area. In the unlikely event I start to generate a decent amount of downforce (in a straight line on a calm day), I will probably be too concerned about instant loss of downforce to drive it, but I'll make that decision then!
Chassis and body is an early version of a Spire GTR (spire sportscars). To get an idea of what I'm starting with some photos are on the blog of VAR1016: http://var1016.blogspot.com/
Not quite in the same league as the Retoga, but is good fun to drive. Unfortunately the photos don't show my recent front and rear underfloor panels or diffuser, but give an idea of what I'm starting with. You can also see my heavy gearbox is the main reason for my weight imbalance.
Thanks for all the other advice. It is noted!
Haven't seen many clips of ground effect'disasters' other than the famous one at Le Mans recently. I shall check you tube.
#10
Posted 17 January 2007 - 08:34
#11
Posted 17 January 2007 - 15:32
LMAO didnt mean to put you off of it, just take it into consideration when your lining the next bend up on the road ;) On the track its up to you, i flipped a 106 in a road rally going over what can only be described as the craziest humpback bridge in the world at 85mph! IT was one of those things youd love to do again if you were invincible lolol
Mercedes racecar takes off (i think just a few years after one landed in the crowd!)
#12
Posted 17 January 2007 - 18:13
The outer parts of the grills at the front will be used for cooling. I'm going to fit ducts that will supply air through two 50mm lengths of tubing per side. I was thinking one tube per side for brakes, and running the other two tubes down the side to the engine bay to help remove some of the hot air out of the engine bay and through the holes that I'm currently chopping into the rear bodywork. If not just duct it straight out the side exits.
I still can't shake fans out of my head. Maybe two lower powered fans, fitted on each side exit grill could suck out most of the extra air that will be coming up between the wheels and undertray.
#13
Posted 17 January 2007 - 18:40
You need to work out how much air is going to be flowing under the car for a given speed e.g 1000litres min through grill opening at 90mph (ive got no idea what kind of figures it will turn out to be but expect them to be mahhusive numbers). If the fan cant flow more than that then at that speed and above itl have no effect and the blades will actually restrict the airflow.
TBH other than cooling at low speeds the weight added with a second engine is going to be more of a penalty to handling than the downforce will gain.
I worked on a mid engined car last year that had all the vents that wernt required for the front mounted rad vented straight from the front bumper, throught the bulk head and over the top of the engine with 2 double foglight sized aperatures going straight back to the intake. This gave the air through the absoloute lowest path of resistance through the car and had had massive time invested in CAD and windtunnel design but the theories there for you to use so long as you dont mind cluttering up the cabin.
The Worst thing you can do is 'leave the air to find its own way out'! It will cost less than £100 to make up a fibreglass panel for under the bonnet curving from the bottom of the front bumper gently up to the top of the scuttle and out of the vents. This guides all the air out and into a handy low pressure zone that will help suck it out. I run one of these on my road car (front engine made it a bit more complicated to make) and it eliminated all noticable front end lift up to 130mph.
Youl also find some wheels are designed to suck air out over the brakes to keep them cool- the upside being they suck the air from under the car;)
Aerodynamics are a bit of a black art without cad a good few years of theory or a windtunnel behind you and sometimes the tiniest changes can have drastic negative or positive inputs in places you would never have thought but u i hope you have some luck and id love to know how you get on
#14
Posted 18 January 2007 - 09:08
Re pressure readings, try to source a cheap digital manometer with which you could take pressure readings. They can feed data straight into some data-loggers or PDA's. Using this you will be able to plot your pressures around the car, which will give you quite a lot of information if you are prepared to invest the time.
#15
Posted 18 January 2007 - 20:04
#16
Posted 19 January 2007 - 16:45
It will help a lot with front end lift, if your underbody is doing at least some of the work it is supposed to do.
"Slightly" means 2-8 degrees.
Of course this will change as the suspension bounces, so you should try to calculate or measure the attitude the car wiill be in at any given speed.
Otherwise, just try and change ride height until you feel OK.
If ride height is over 150 mm, don't bother with ground effect, it won't work.
Same under 5 mm.
Change is non linear: you should notice big changes even for a couple mm differences when low from the ground.
As the downforce increases, so will the unpredictability of the car, unless you stiffen springs.
Front end lip is a mixed blessing: it will add pressure to the front, but it could also royally **** the underbody airflow and kill the suction. Impossible to to predict without at least looking at the car, just very difficult otherwise.
Basically, if you have a rounded cross section at the start of underfloor, gently helping flow in, avoid that lip.
If you have an angle anyway, try putting it.
Lip should be near to horizontal.
#17
Posted 19 January 2007 - 22:03
I will be working on ducting off all that air through the grill, and messing about with some suspension measuring in the near future. I think pressure readings will be worthwile, but a little too costly. I will be keeping my eyes peeled for cheap equipment though.
I'll be rounding off the bottom of the front bodywork to start with (no more than 6mm radius possible) and will try various simple add-ons from there. I don't want to increase drag too much so pushing air around the sides is also high on priorities. I ought to also try using streak lines to check the efficiency of any of my mods in this area, and possibly how much air is coming out my side exits.
If I get any reliable suspension readings and can start differentiating between various add-ons I will post the details along with suspension settings etc.
Don't hold your breath, though.....
#19
Posted 20 January 2007 - 11:54
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#20
Posted 20 January 2007 - 12:18
#21
Posted 21 January 2007 - 08:20
#22
Posted 21 January 2007 - 09:21
I cn live with that
#23
Posted 22 January 2007 - 16:49
Originally posted by robroy
Currently just over half of the air (the central portion of the grills) goes directly into the ducted radiator and then has to find its own way out towards the side exits. I'm going to tilt the radiator the other way, and redesign the ducting so air goes straight in and then through a duct in the top of the bodywork, with no chance of escaping.
The outer parts of the grills at the front will be used for cooling. I'm going to fit ducts that will supply air through two 50mm lengths of tubing per side. I was thinking one tube per side for brakes, and running the other two tubes down the side to the engine bay to help remove some of the hot air out of the engine bay and through the holes that I'm currently chopping into the rear bodywork. If not just duct it straight out the side exits.
I still can't shake fans out of my head. Maybe two lower powered fans, fitted on each side exit grill could suck out most of the extra air that will be coming up between the wheels and undertray.
And don't forget me...
If you end up increasing the drag, you'll be needing more horsepower from that Fulvia engine!
Best
Paul
#24
Posted 22 January 2007 - 22:37
As for the engine. With a mere 100 bhp from its 1300cc, I reckon I'll be 'bored' pretty soon. I may be posting questions about supercharging or nitrous this time next year......