Here is what I have. Corrections/updates much appreciated.
1911 - IMS Museum
1912- IMS Museum
1913 - Sold to E.J. Schroeder following the 1913 race and driven by Ralph Mulford during the season. Sold again in 1915 and then once more in 1916. It was entered at Pikes Peak in 1916, but did not appear. The trail is lost at this point, with the car presumed to have been "used up" and scrapped.
1914 - IMS Museum
1915 - This chassis was run for at least a decade on the IMCA circuit and then likely scrapped.
1916 - The car that exists today is NOT the 1916 winner. The true 1916 winner was likely parted out by Dario Resta in 1918. He fitted another engine to the chassis and raced it for several years until it was likely scrapped. The engine was paired with another Peugeot chassis and raced again at Indy in 1919 with Ray Howard. The engine continued to be raced on the east coast until it faded away and was lost to history.
1919 - Sold to Alex Sloane sometime prior to 1921 and raced well into the 1930s before it was scrapped.
1920 - It's unclear whether this was the car Chevrolet was driving when he crashed fatally in late 1920. If it was, it was, it was rebuilt and it raced again at Indy until 1922, when Wilbur d'Alene finished 15th. It was later used for dirt track racing and disappears by the mid-20s.
1921 - It was used up on dirt tracks and likely scrapped.
1922 - IMS Museum
1923 - The car that exists today as the 1923 winner is not the 1923 winner. It's a well built replica that was built up using another car. The true winning car was parted out by the end of the 1923 season. The engine went into another Miller chassis. The chassis was maybe used to build a new car. It's unclear what happened to the engine or the chassis.
More to come...